Browsing by Author "Danckert, James"

Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
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    Cerebellar lesions disrupt spatial and temporal visual attention
    (2021) Craig, Brandon T.; Morrill, Adam; Danckert, James; Anderson, Britt; Striemer, Christopher
    The current study represents the first comprehensive examination of spatial, temporal and sustained attention following cerebellar damage. Results indicated that, compared to controls, cerebellar damage resulted in a larger cueing effect at the longest SOA – possibly reflecting a slowed the onset of inhibition of return (IOR) during a reflexive covert attention task, and reduced the ability to detect successive targets during an attentional blink task. However, there was little evidence to support the notion that cerebellar damage disrupted voluntary covert attention or the sustained attention to response task (SART). Lesion overlay data and supplementary voxel-based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) analyses indicated that impaired performance on the reflexive covert attention and attentional blink tasks were related to damage to Crus II of the left posterior cerebellum. In addition, subsequent analyses indicated our results are not due to either general motor impairments or to damage to the deep cerebellar nuclei. Collectively these data demonstrate, for the first time, that the same cerebellar regions may be involved in both spatial and temporal visual attention.
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    Deficits in peripheral visual attention in patients with optic ataxia
    (2007) Striemer, Christopher; Blangero, Annabelle; Rossetti, Yves; Boisson, Dominique; Rode, Gilles; Vighetto, Alain; Pisella, Laure; Danckert, James
    Previous research has suggested that optic ataxia – a deficit in reaching in peripheral vision, can be isolated from Balint’s syndrome as it is primarily a visuomotor disorder, independent of perceptual or attentional deficits. Yet, almost no research has examined the attentional abilities of these patients. We examined peripheral visual attention in two patients with unilateral optic ataxia. Results indicated that both patients were slower to respond to targets in their ataxic visual field, irrespective of cuing condition (i.e., validly, invalidly, and no cue conditions), consistent with an overall decrease in the salience of stimuli in the ataxic field. Attentional deficits in peripheral vision are therefore an important factor to consider when examining visuomotor control deficits in optic ataxia.
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    Deficits in reflexive covert attention following cerebellar injury
    (2015) Striemer, Christopher; Cantelmi, David; Cusimano, Michael; Danckert, James; Schweizer, Tom
    Traditionally the cerebellum has been known for its important role in coordinating motor output. Over the past 15 years numerous studies have indicated that the cerebellum plays a role in a variety of cognitive functions including working memory, language, perceptual functions, and emotion. In addition, recent work suggests that regions of the cerebellum involved in eye movements also play a role in controlling covert visual attention. Here we investigated whether regions of the cerebellum that are not strictly tied to the control of eye movements might also contribute to covert attention. To address this question we examined the effects of circumscribed cerebellar lesions on reflexive covert attention in a group of patients (n = 11) without any gross motor or oculomotor deficits, and compared their performance to a group of age-matched controls (n = 11). Results indicated that the traditional RT advantage for validly cued targets was significantly smaller at the shortest (50 ms) SOA for cerebellar patients compared to controls. Critically, a lesion overlap analysis indicated that this deficit in the rapid deployment of attention was linked to damage in Crus I and Crus II of the lateral cerebellum. Importantly, both cerebellar regions have connections to non-motor regions of the prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices—regions important for controlling visuospatial attention. Together, these data provide converging evidence that both lateral and midline regions of the cerebellum play an important role in the control of reflexive covert visual attention.
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    Differential influences of prism adaptation on reflexive and voluntary covert attention
    (2006) Striemer, Christopher; Sablatnig, Jeffery; Danckert, James
    Recent research has demonstrated some beneficial effects in patients with neglect using rightward shifting prismatic lenses. Despite a great deal of research exploring this effect, we know very little about the cognitive mechanisms underlying prism adaptation in neglect. We examined the possibility that prism adaptation influences visual attention by having healthy participants complete either a reflexive or a voluntary covert visual attention cuing paradigm before and after adaptation to leftward, rightward, or sham (no shift) prisms. The results for reflexive orienting demonstrated that a subset of participants with large cuing effects prior to prism adaptation were faster to reorient attention away from an invalid cue on the side of space opposite the prismatic shift post adaptation. For voluntary orienting, left prisms increased the efficiency of voluntary attention in both left and right visual space in participants with a small cuing effect prior to prism adaptation. In contrast, right prisms decreased the efficiency of voluntary attention in both left and right space for participants with a large cuing effect prior to prism adaptation. No significant effects were observed in the sham prisms groups. These results suggest that prism adaptation may exert a variety of influences attentional orienting mechanisms.
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    Neglected time: impaired temporal perception of multisecond intervals in unilateral neglect
    (2007) Danckert, James; Ferber, Susanne; Pun, Carson; Broderick, Carol; Striemer, Christopher; Rock, Sherry; Stewart, Dwight
    Recent neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies have suggested that the right hemisphere, particularly frontal regions, is important for the perception of the passage of time. We examined the ability to estimate durations of up to 60 sec in a group of eight patients with unilateral neglect. When estimating multisecond intervals, neglect patients grossly underestimated all durations. On average, healthy controls (HC) demonstrated reasonably accurate estimates of all durations tested. Although the right hemisphere lesioned control patients without neglect also tended to underestimate durations, these underestimations were significantly better than the performance of the neglect group. These findings suggest a pivotal role for a right hemisphere fronto-parietal network in the accurate perception of multisecond durations. Furthermore, these findings add to a growing body of literature suggesting that neglect cannot be understood simply in terms of a bias in orienting attention to one side of space. Additional deficits of the kind demonstrated here are likely to be crucial in determining the nature and extent of the loss of conscious awareness for contralesional events.
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    Prism adaptation reduces the disengage deficit in right brain damage patients
    (2007) Striemer, Christopher; Danckert, James
    Recent research has shown that prism adaptation alleviates some of the symptoms of neglect. Although prism adaptation can aid patients with neglect, the mechanisms underlying these benefits remain largely unknown. One way in which prisms may work is by altering attentional orienting mechanisms known to be impaired in neglect. To investigate this hypothesis we tested four right brain damaged patients (two with neglect) on a reflexive covert attention task before and after rightward prism adaptation and compared them to a group of healthy controls who underwent sham prism adaptation. Results demonstrated that rightward prism adaptation reduced both the rightward attentional bias, and the disengage deficit in patients with right brain damage irrespective of the presence of neglect.
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    Spatial working memory deficits represent a core challenge for rehabilitating neglect
    (2013) Striemer, Christopher; Ferber, Susanne; Danckert, James
    Left neglect following right hemisphere injury is a debilitating disorder that has proven extremely difficult to rehabilitate. Traditional models of neglect have focused on impaired spatial attention as the core deficit and as such, most rehabilitation methods have tried to improve attentional processes. However, many of these techniques (e.g., visual scanning training, caloric stimulation, neck muscle vibration) produce only short-lived effects, or are too uncomfortable to use as a routine treatment. More recently, many investigators have begun examining the beneficial effects of prism adaptation for the treatment of neglect. Although prism adaptation has been shown to have some beneficial effects on both overt and covert spatial attention, it does not reliably alter many of the perceptual biases evident in neglect. One of the challenges of neglect rehabilitation may lie in the heterogeneous nature of the deficits. Most notably, a number of researchers have shown that neglect patients present with severe deficits in spatial working memory (SWM) in addition to their attentional impairments. Given that SWM can be seen as a foundational cognitive mechanism, critical for a wide range of other functions, any deficit in SWM memory will undoubtedly have severe consequences. In the current review we examine the evidence for SWM deficits in neglect and propose that it constitutes a core component of the syndrome. We present preliminary data which suggest that at least one current rehabilitation method (prism adaptation) has no effect on SWM deficits in neglect. Finally, we end by reviewing recent work that examines the effectiveness of SWM training and how SWM training may prove to be a useful avenue for future rehabilitative efforts in patients with neglect.
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    The influence of prism adaptation on perceptual and motor components of neglect: a reply to Saevarsson and Kristjansson
    (2013) Striemer, Christopher; Danckert, James
    In a recent opinion paper we argued that prism adaptation (PA) primarily influences motor behaviors and spatial attention in neglect, but may have very little influence on perceptual biases (Striemer and Danckert, 2010b). Furthermore, we also suggested that the effects of PA on motor behaviors and spatial attention in neglect may arise via interactions with the dorsal “vision for action” pathway (Milner and Goodale, 2006), and the “dorsal attention network” that is important for allocating attention to specific locations in space (Corbetta and Shulman, 2002). Thus, we view alterations in shifts of attention following PA as being closely related to changes in motor behaviors (e.g., eye movements) following PA (i.e., the premotor theory of attention; Rizzolatti et al., 1987).
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    Through a prism darkly: re-evaluating prisms and neglect
    (2010) Striemer, Christopher; Danckert, James
    Many studies have demonstrated that prism adaptation can reduce several symptoms of visual neglect, a disorder in which patients fail to respond to information in contralesional space. The dominant framework to explain these effects suggests that prisms influence higher order visuospatial processes by acting on brain circuits controlling spatial attention and perception. However, studies that have directly examined the influence of prisms on perceptual biases inherent to neglect have revealed very few beneficial effects. We propose an alternative explanation whereby many of the beneficial effects of prisms arise via the influence of adaptation on circuits in the dorsal visual stream controlling attention and visuomotor behaviours and suggest that prisms have little influence on the pervasive perceptual biases that characterize neglect.