Browsing by Author "Himmen, Marguerite"
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Item Does stalking behavior improve risk prediction of intimate partner violence?(2021) Jung, Sandy; Himmen, Marguerite; Velupillai, Nirudika; Buro, KarenThe present study investigates whether stalking is associated with recidivism risk among IPV offenders and incrementally adds to the predictive validity of existing validated risk measures for predicting recidivism of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators. Using 226 police-reported cases of IPV, the criminal histories of the perpetrators in these cases were examined, and perpetrators were categorized based on their stalking histories. Stalkers and non-stalkers were then compared on their risk scores, and survival analyses were conducted to determine if stalking incrementally improved prediction of recidivism outcomes over and above the Ontario Domestic Assault Risk Assessment (ODARA) and a modified version of the Spousal Assault Risk Assessment (SARA). We found that the SARA significantly differed between stalking and non-stalking perpetrators, but no difference emerged when we examined the ODARA score and recidivism outcomes. We found that stalking did not incrementally increase predictive validity for recidivism outcomes over and above the modified SARA and ODARA. Our findings challenge policies that regard stalking as a risk factor for future IPV and explore how police services may better allocate resources in cases of intimate partner stalking.Item Stalking behaviours and intimate partner violence risk(2020) Himmen, Marguerite; Jung, SandyCurrent risk assessment tools have been shown to accurately predict reoffending behaviours. However, these risk tools rarely include stalking as a risk factor. For example, the Ontario Domestic Assault Risk Assessment (ODARA) has been found to be both reliable and valid but does not include stalking as one of its 13 items. Research has shown that 30-40% of stalking cases involve violence, and that victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) are at an elevated risk of being stalked by their intimate partners. Additionally, it is proposed that IPV victims are more likely to experience more violence from their stalkers in comparison to non-victims. This study aims to examine two things. The first is to study the relationship between stalking behaviours among IPV perpetrators with and without offending histories in stalking. It is predicted that individuals who stalk are more likely to reoffend both generally and in terms of stalking related crime. Moreover, it is predicted that those who stalk will breach their conditions and engage in more severe and frequent recidivism. This study will also examine whether the addition of stalking as an item to the validated ODARA will further improve prediction of recidivism. Research in this area is key to better understanding the role of stalking in cases of IPV. If stalking is a relevant risk factor, then police may be able to more accurately assess the risk of IPV perpetrators, and this can lead to improved allocation of resources to higher risk offenders, in order to prevent recidivism.