Muralidharan, EtayankaraPathak, Saurav2017-02-152022-05-282022-05-282016Muralidharan, E. & Pathak, S. (2017). Informal Institutions and International Entrepreneurship. International Business Review, 26(2): 288-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2016.07.006https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14078/691This study examines the influence of three informal institutions, performance orientation, self-expression and social desirability, on the extent of internationalization by early stage entrepreneurial firms. We employed multi-level modeling techniques using 20,656 individual-level responses obtained from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) survey for 39 countries from 2001 to 2008, and supplementing with country-level data obtained from the World Values Survey (WVS) and the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) study. The results demonstrate that high performance orientation, high self-expression, and low social desirability of entrepreneurship in societies increase the extent of internationalization by early-stage entrepreneurial firms. The study promotes new theory and empirical findings on the relationship between informal institutions and entrepreneurial agency.enAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND)informal institutionsinternationalizationearly-stageentrepreneurshipmulti-level modelingArticle Post-Printhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2016.07.006