Browsing by Author "Droghini, Amanda"
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Item Conservation triage at the trailing edge of climate envelopes(2020) Gilbert, Sophie L.; Broadley, Kate; Doran-Myers, Darcy; Droghini, Amanda; Haines, Jessica A.; Hämäläinen, Anni; Lamb, Clayton T.; Neilson, Eric W.; Boutin, StanSpecies protection via geographically fixed conservation actions is a primary tool for maintenance of biodiversity worldwide (Pimm et al. 2014). Yet, for many species, the assumption that currently suitable sites will remain so is undermined by climate change (Urban 2015; Wiens 2016). Climate-change-associated range shifts (Chen et al. 2011), a process driven by populations at the trailing edge of the climate envelope going extinct or moving and those at the leading edge becoming established, are becoming widespread around the world (Wiens 2016). We argue that conservation of populations of at-risk species should be prioritized across each species’ range based on future climatic suitability of an area with the goal of maintaining or increasing the number of viable populations range wide. Such range-wide prioritization could help conserve species in a changing climate when resources are limited; effort would be reallocated to viable populations (Oliver et al. 2012; Alagador & Cerdeira 2016). Promisingly, resistance to this approach (Oliver et al. 2016) may be waning. Many nongovernment organizations (e.g., International Panel on Climate Change, World Wildlife Fund) now use climate-informed range-wide approaches, as do some national and state agencies (e.g., Association of Fish & Wildlife Agencies 2018; Cornwall 2018). We aimed to advance discussion and implementation of climate-informed prioritization across species’ ranges and considered when populations behind the trailing edge of climate change should be deprioritized.Item The ecological significance of secondary seed dispersal by carnivores(2017) Hämäläinen, Anni; Broadley, Kate; Droghini, Amanda; Haines, Jessica A.; Lamb, Clayton T.; Boutin, Stan; Gilbert, Sophie L.Animals play an important role in the seed dispersal of many plants. It is increasingly recognized, however, that the actions of a single disperser rarely determine a seed's fate and final location; rather, multiple abiotic or animal dispersal vectors are involved. Some carnivores act as secondary dispersers by preying on primary seed dispersers or seed predators, inadvertently consuming seeds contained in their prey's digestive tracts and later depositing viable seeds, a process known as diploendozoochory. Carnivores occupy an array of ecological niches and thus range broadly on the landscape. Consequently, secondary seed dispersal by carnivores could have important consequences for plant dispersal outcomes, with implications for ecosystem functioning under a changing climate and across disturbed landscapes where dispersal may be otherwise limited. For example, trophic downgrading through the loss of carnivores may reduce or eliminate diploendozoochory and thus compromise population connectivity for lower trophic levels. We review the literature on diploendozoochory and conclude that the ecological impact of a secondary vs. primary seed disperser depends on the relative dispersal distances, germination success, and the proportion of seeds exposed to secondary dispersal by carnivores. None of the studies up to present day have been able to rigorously assess the ecological significance of this process. We provide a framework of the components that determine the significance of diploendozoochory across systems and identify the components that must be addressed in future studies attempting to assess the ecological importance of diploendozoochory.