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Browsing by Author "Elmorsy, Mohammed"

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    Analyzing factors impacting COVID-19 vaccination rates
    (2023) Cho, Dongseok; Driedger, Mitchell; Han, Sera; Khan, Noman; Elmorsy, Mohammed; El-Hajj, Mohamad
    Since the approval of the COVID-19 vaccine in late 2020, vaccination rates have varied around the globe. Access to a vaccine supply, mandated vaccination policy, and vaccine hesitancy contribute to these rates. This study used COVID-19 vaccination data from Our World in Data and the Multilateral Leaders Task Force on COVID-19 to create two COVID-19 vaccination indices. The first index is the Vaccine Utilization Index (VUI), which measures how effectively each country has utilized its vaccine supply to doubly vaccinate its population. The second index is the Vaccination Acceleration Index (VAI), which evaluates how efficiently each country vaccinated their populations within their first 150 days. Pearson correlations were created between these indices and country indicators obtained from the World Bank. Results of these correlations identify countries with stronger Health indicators such as lower mortality rates, lower age-dependency ratios, and higher rates of immunization to other diseases display higher VUI and VAI scores than countries with lesser values. VAI scores are also positively correlated to Governance and Economic indicators, such as regulatory quality, control of corruption, and GDP per capita. As represented by the VUI, proper utilization of the COVID-19 vaccine supply by country is observed in countries that display excellence in health practices. A country’s motivation to accelerate its vaccination rates within the first 150 days of vaccinating, as represented by the VAI, was largely a product of the governing body’s effectiveness and economic status, as well as overall excellence in health practises.
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    Analyzing factors impacting COVID-19 vaccination rates
    (2023) Cho, Dongseok; Driedger, Mitchell; Han, Sera; Khan, Noman; Elmorsy, Mohammed; El-Hajj, Mohamad
    Since the approval of the COVID-19 vaccine in late 2020, vaccination rates have varied around the globe. Access to a vaccine supply, mandated vaccination policy, and vaccine hesitancy contribute to these rates. This study used COVID-19 vaccination data from Our World in Data and the Multilateral Leaders Task Force on COVID-19 to create two COVID-19 vaccination indices. The first index is the Vaccine Utilization Index (VUI), which measures how effectively each country has utilized its vaccine supply to doubly vaccinate its population. The second index is the Vaccination Acceleration Index (VAI), which evaluates how efficiently each country vaccinated their populations within their first 150 days. Pearson correlations were created between these indices and country indicators obtained from the World Bank. Results of these correlations identify countries with stronger Health indicators such as lower mortality rates, lower age dependency ratios, and higher rates of immunization to other diseases display higher VUI and VAI scores than countries with lesser values. VAI scores are also positively correlated to Governance and Economic indicators, such as regulatory quality, control of corruption, and GDP per capita. As represented by the VUI, proper utilization of the COVID-19 vaccine supply by country is observed in countries that display excellence in health practices. A country’s motivation to accelerate its vaccination rates within the first 150 days of vaccinating, as represented by the VAI, was largely a product of the governing body’s effectiveness and economic status, as well as overall excellence in health practises.
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    Breach path detection reliability in energy harvesting wireless sensor networks
    (2021) Abougamila, Salwa; Elmorsy, Mohammed; Elmallah, Ehab S.
    In this paper, we consider reliability assessment of energy harvesting wireless sensor networks (EH-WSNs) deployed to guard a geographic area against intruders that can enter and exit the network through a known set of entry-exit perimeter sides. To handle energy fluctuations during different time slots, a node may reduce its transmission power. Using a probabilistic graph model, we formalize a problem denoted EH-BPDREL (for breach path detection reliability). The problem calls for estimating the likelihood that any such intrusion can be detected and reported to a sink node. Due to the hardness of the problem, bounding algorithms are needed. We devise an efficient algorithm to solve a core problem that facilitates the design of various lower bounding algorithms. We obtain numerical results on the use of Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the probabilistic graph parameters, and illustrate the use of our devised algorithm to bound the solutions.
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    Flow sharing reliability in energy harvesting wireless sensing networks
    (2024) Abougamila, Salwa; Elmorsy, Mohammed; Elmallah, Ehab S.
    This paper introduces a new resource sharing problem in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that employ energy harvesting for prolonged network uptime. The problem is on managing a given infrastructure of EH-WSNs by supporting concurrent applications. Each application is characterized by a set of traffic generating nodes, a sink node, and a minimum required traffic rate that should be periodically delivered to its sink node. The overall EH-WSN is modelled by a probabilistic graph where energy fluctuation over time in each node is described by a probability distribution and handled by adjusting the flow relaying capacity of a node. Performance of the obtained network management scheme is assessed by a reliability metric on the formulated probabilistic graph. We call the formulated problem the flow sharing reliability (FS-REL) problem in EH-WSNs. We present a heuristic algorithm to cope with the problem using ideas from minimum cost multi-commodity flows in networks and approximation of flow reliability using a factoring algorithm. We also present numerical results that give more insights into the problem and the proposed solution.
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    On flow reliability in energy harvesting wireless sensor networks
    (2021) Elmorsy, Mohammed; Elmallah, Ehab S.
    A basic wireless sensor networks (WSNs) reliability problem calls for finding the likelihood that a sink node receives at least a certain amount of traffic generated periodically by sensor nodes that can either operate or fail. When the nodes rely on harvesting energy from the ambient environment, a node can be in any one of a possible number of energy states with probabilities that can be estimated using measured environmental data. A node’s energy management unit can work by controlling the amount of data that can be periodically transmitted in each state. In this context, we formalize a flow reliability problem (denoted FLOWREL) in EH-WSNs. We present a method for computing lower bounds on exact solutions using an iterative algorithmic framework. Numerical results are presented to examine the performance of the devised methodology. Further, we discuss its use in a sample application that asks for determining the best sink location among a set of candidate locations.
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    On slicing weighted energy-harvesting wireless sensing networks with transmission range uncertainty
    (2022) Abougamila, Salwa; Elmorsy, Mohammed; Elmallah, Ehab S.
    In this paper, we deal with a wireless sensor network (WSN) infrastructure management problem where a provider wants to partition a network into a given number of node-disjoint subgraphs (called slices) for running different user applications. Nodes in the given infrastructure use energy harvesting for prolonged service time. The nodes manage fluctuations in their stored energy by adjusting their transmission range. We assume that each node is assigned an importance weight, and model the overall network using a probabilistic graph. In this context, we formalize a problem, denoted k-WBS-RU (for k weighted balanced slices with range uncertainty), to partition the network into k slices subject to some connectivity and operation constraints. We devise a solution to the problem, and present numerical results on the quality of the obtained slices. We also discuss an application of the proposed framework and solution when the assigned weights are derived from an area coverage application.