Browsing by Author "Willoughby, Pamela R."
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Item Fourteen years of archaeological and heritage research in the Iringa Region, Tanzania(2020) Miller, Jennifer M.; Werner, J. J.; Biittner, Katie; Willoughby, Pamela R.The Iringa Region is famous among archaeologists for the Acheulean site of Isimila, and among historians as the stronghold where Chief Mkwawa led the Hehe resistance against German colonial forces. However, our research reveals that Iringa has a rich archaeological record that spans the period from the Stone Age into the recent past. This article summarizes the results of 14 years of research by our team, the Iringa Region Archaeological Project (IRAP). Since 2006, IRAP members have recorded 67 sites, and this only scratches the surface of the archaeological potential in the area. These sites, some of which were recorded in conjunction with local participants, have archaeological component characteristic of the Early, Middle, and Later Stone Age, the Iron Age, and the recent past. We consider the archaeological and historical value of Iringa to be high and hope that this work inspires future research, tourism, and conservation efforts in the area.Item A German rifle casing and Chief Mkwawa of the Wahehe: the colonial and post-colonial significance of Mlambalasi rockshelter, Iringa Region, Tanzania(2019) Willoughby, Pamela R.; Biittner, Katie; Bushozi, Pastory M.; Miller, Jennifer M.During the 2010 excavations of Mlambalasi rockshelter, Iringa Region, Tanzania, a single rifle bullet casing was recovered. Analysis of this casing found that it was manufactured in 1877 at the munitions factory in Danzig for the German infantry’s Mauser 71 rifle. This casing is thus directly linked to the period of German colonization of Tanganyika, during which Iringa was a key centre of anti-colonial resistance. Mlambalasi was the location of the last stand of Chief Mkwawa of the Hehe people, and this bullet casing provides a tangible link to his uprising during the 1890s. In light of this colonial context and our ongoing research at Mlambalasi, this find is used to illustrate that a single artifact can reinforce multiple narratives about the past and the significance of an archaeological site.Item The middle and later stone age of the Iringa region southern Tanzania: an introduction(2007) Biittner, Katie; Bushozi, Pastory M.; Willoughby, Pamela R.is well known for the richness of its Stone Age past. But what we know about its early history comes from a limited number of northern sites such as Olduvai Gorge, as well as Nasera rockshelter and Mumba Cave near Lake Eyasi. The Iringa Region in the south, however, also contains a long Stone Age record. It begins with the Acheulean at Isimila Korongo and Mgongo, both located just outside of the modern regional capital of Iringa. But the Stone Age past continues in a series of granite rockshelters and caves. Pamela Willoughby first saw these sites in 2005, and directed brief test excavations of two of them in 2006. It became clear immediately that they may contain the entire post-Acheulean cultural record. This paper introduces three rockshelters from which archaeological material was recovered in July and August 2006. This research was done to test models of the emergence of modern humans in this part of Africa (Willoughby 2007). This article introduces new sites and presents preliminary results from the initial fieldwork. Pamela Willoughby describes the sites, the general framework of this research project, and the cultural history of Iringa. Her two PhD students, Katie Biittner and Pastory Bushozi, discuss their own research.